Posts published in “Asia Pacific”

(Antarctica) – Australian researchers are actively monitoring Antarctica for the potential arrival of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, commonly known as bird flu. This precautionary measure is due to the anticipated spread of the virus to the continent, given its ability to infect various bird and mammal species and its rapid global dissemination.

The concern stems from the extensive migratory patterns of seabirds, which could inadvertently introduce the virus to Antarctica, despite its geographical isolation. This poses a significant risk to the continent’s diverse wildlife, including penguins and skuas, as the virus can transmit efficiently between different species.

Dr. Louise Emmerson, a seabird ecologist with the Australian Antarctic Program, emphasized the inevitability of the virus reaching Antarctica. She stated the focus is on proactive preparation and preventing further spread caused by human activity.

Currently, Australia and Antarctica are the only continents yet unaffected by H5N1. However, the virus has already caused significant mortality in bird and mammal populations across the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Africa, and South America, even reaching the Antarctic Circle. In South America, the virus resulted in the deaths of approximately 30,000 sea lions and 18,000 southern elephant seal pups. Within the Antarctic Circle, it has reportedly killed 10,000 albatrosses and decimated a penguin colony.

Biosecurity protocols at Australia’s four Antarctic and sub-Antarctic research stations have been intensified. These measures include strict disinfection procedures for personnel and equipment to minimize the risk of human-mediated transmission.

Species such as emperor penguins and giant petrels are considered particularly susceptible to the virus. Other vulnerable species include various other bird, penguin, and seal species. The proximity of wildlife to research stations, especially during moulting and breeding seasons, increases the potential for interaction and transmission.

The potential outbreak among Antarctic wildlife could create a pathway for the virus to reach Australia. Researchers are trained to identify unusual animal behaviour and mortality rates to detect potential outbreaks early.

The Australian government has allocated $100 million to a wildlife protection plan against H5N1. This plan includes strategies such as vaccinating wild populations of endangered species, establishing captive breeding programs, and implementing carcass removal protocols to limit disease spread.

Environment Minister Tanya Plibersek highlighted Antarctica as a key focus of the government’s preparedness efforts. Australian scientists have been deployed to monitor seabirds and seals near Mawson and Davis research stations, as well as near Cape Denison. Management protocols are also in place at Australian Antarctic and sub-Antarctic stations to ensure the safety of expeditions and minimize the risk of human-mediated disease transmission.